小江流域土壤抗崩性实验研究

针对小江流域内不同的土壤类型和土地利用类型,通过实验对小江流域土壤抗崩性进行研究,结果表明:小江流域的土壤具有较大抗崩性,其中棕壤的平均崩解速率最大,黄红壤的平均崩解速率最小;从土地利用的角度看,林草地的平均崩解速率最小,灌丛其次,裸坡的平均崩解速率最大;小江流域土壤的崩解速率与土壤中＜0.002mm的颗粒含量之间存在明显的负相关关系.     

Effect of vegetation restoration on ant nest‐building activities following mobile dune stabilization in the Horqin Sandy land,Northern China

Measurements of the density and characteristics (size and height) of ant mounds were carried out on mobile, semi‐mobile, semi‐fixed and fixed dunes in the Horqin Sandy Land, Northern China. The relationships between the distribution of ant mounds and the plant community (abundance and cover) were investigated, for areas within and across the dune stages. Changes in spatial pattern of ant mounds were also analysed following mobile dune stabilization. The results showed no ant mounds on mobile dunes; the mound density was significantly higher on fixed dunes than on semi‐fixed or semi‐mobile dunes. The mound density depended on plant density and cover across all dune stages, but not within any dune stage. The mound diameter increased but the mound height decreased from semi‐mobile dunes to fixed dunes. However, the mound diameter and height were not related to plant cover and density within any stabilization stage or across all dune stages. The spatial pattern of ant mounds tended to change from more clumped (semi‐mobile and semi‐fixed dunes) to less clumped and approached a random pattern (fixed dunes) along the dune stabilization gradient, which was related to the changing vegetation pattern during succession. Although the quantification of the number of ant species present was not attempted on each dune, the observed differences in ant colour and size suggest at least eight species were present. Fixed dunes were more attractive for different kinds of ant species, but the mound distribution exhibited a more random pattern with more continuous vegetation. Thus, different environmental conditions, especially in terms of the plant communities present at different dune stages, affected the activities and behaviour of the ants (including the distribution of mounds), but did not affect mound size and height. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

岩溶塌陷诱发水土资源退化模式研究——以鲁中南岩溶塌陷区为例

在岩溶塌陷区,资源环境受到岩溶塌陷地质灾害的严重影响和危害,生态环境也发生恶化现象,尤其以水资源和土地资源的退化最为突出。以鲁中南典型岩溶塌陷区为例,阐述了岩溶塌陷诱发的3种水土资源退化模式:水土流失、水土污染和土壤退化,并分析了该区水土资源退化的现状,研究了水土资源退化的机理和特征。     

椪柑萎缩型枯水病和粒化型枯水病几种生理指标差异的研究

分析了椪柑萎缩型枯水与粒化型枯水以及正常果的生理差异。发现萎缩型枯水果的失重、呼吸速率显著高于粒化型枯水果,但其果肉水势和出汁率显著低于粒化型枯水果和正常果;萎缩型枯水与粒化型枯水一样,其脱落酸大量积累,14C-葡萄糖大量转化为不溶性物质。认为萎缩型枯水机理在于椪柑果实大量失水引发了逆境生理代谢,导致大量可溶性营养消耗,汁胞萎缩崩溃。     

一种水窖入水口的自闭系统初探

在对水窖较为普遍的窖体破坏、塌窖等原因进行分析的基础上,引入一种防止水窖超蓄塌陷的水窖入水口自闭系统.此系统结构简单、造价低、使用方便,能及时自闭入水口且关闭效果好,保证水窖蓄水不超过限制水位,从而保障水窖的结构稳定,延长水窖的使用年限.     

用人工神经网络模拟土体塌陷的可行性分析

探讨了利用人工神经网络预测土体塌陷与土体参数和荷载条件之间关系的可行性。BP神经网络是最常用的神经网络之一,通过网络训练,最终确定了6个变量即输入信息、8个隐层和1个输出层的网络结构。在比较了预测值与试验值后,进一步证实了人工神经网络在评估土体塌陷方面效果明显。     

考虑初始静力荷载效应的框架结构部分底层柱失效时的瞬时动力分析

为研究高层建筑结构整体性问题中连续倒塌问题,采用有限元方法模拟高层结构底层边柱突然失效时的瞬时动力响应。从计算结果可以看出,动力分析的水平位移比静力作用的最大水平位移大很多并以静力位移为中心上下波动,并在阻尼作用下收敛到静力位移。初始静力荷载效应使瞬时动力响应的振幅比无初始静力荷载效应的结构的水平和竖向位移振幅小。初始静力效应对结构瞬态响应的影响与刚度、质量、阻尼等因素有关,刚度越小,质量、阻尼越大时,初始静力荷载效应对结构最大位移影响越小。在对底层边柱突然失效的高层结构进行分析时,必须计算结构的瞬时动力响应。建议以较为简单的无初始静力荷载效应时的瞬时动力响应作为结构设计依据,其结果趋于安全。     

原状黄土的地区湿陷特性及其潜在湿陷率

对 3个典型黄土地区的原状黄土样在不同湿度状态下的湿陷特性进行了研究 ,探讨了含水率、干密度、压力对黄土湿陷性的影响规律 ,着重从结构性的角度解释了不同地区间黄土湿陷特性的差异。基于不同地区间黄土湿陷特性的差异这一事实 ,提出了黄土潜在湿陷率的概念。结果表明 ,这一概念可用于对黄土湿陷性的分析 ,并能较好地反映不同黄土种类的结构特性。     

山杨小径材干燥特性的研究

本文从山杨小径材的材性与成熟材材性的差异，对干燥时易皱缩的原因作了研究和分析，并指出汽蒸两段式干燥基准可有效地减少皱缩。     

试论抗战胜利后国统区的农业经济全面崩溃

抗日战争胜利后到全国解放前夕,国民党统治区农业全面崩溃的根本娠因是美帝国主义的侵略和以四大家族为核心的官僚资本的残酷剥削压迫,国民党的反共内战政策加剧了农业危机。 国民党统治区农业经济全面崩溃表现为农业危机的长期性、持续性和全面性。 国民党统治区农业经济全面崩溃的特点和后果是:农业危机和工业危机、商业危机、金融危机交织一起,形成全面经济危机:经济危机和国民党的政治、军事危机互相影响,造成了国民党统治的全面危机,引起人民全面反抗。农业经济的全面崩溃对国民党统治的彻底垮台有直接影响。